Search Results

Initial pharmacologic therapy Beta adrenergic agonists Dose and administration – Albuterol 2.5 mg (diluted to a total of 3 mL with sterile normal saline) by nebulizer or one to two inhalations (most commonly two, occasionally four; 90 mcg per inhalation) by ...

●Venturi masks permit a precise upper limit for the FiO2, preferable for patients at risk of hypercapnia. Venturi masks can deliver an FiO2 of 24, 28, 31, 35, 40, or 60%. ●Nasal cannula can provide flow rates up to 6 L per minute with an associated FiO2 of ap...

Pathophysiology: Scattered, nonhomogeneous alveolar damage that leads to oxygenation (V/Q mismatch) problems Diagnosis: Onset: within one week of a known clinical insult, or new or worsening respiratory symptoms Imaging: bilateral infiltrates on CXR not fu...

Intermittent (Step 1) — Symptoms — <2 days a week, <2x nighttime awakenings/month, SABA use <2 days/weekPreferred: SABA prn Mild persistent (Step 2) —Symptoms — >2 days a week, 3-4x nighttime awakenings/month, SABA use >2 days/week Preferred: Low dose ICS Alt...

What is AKI? According to The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), which it the most current and preferred definition, it is: an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours OR an increase in serum creatinine of ≥50% within 7 days...

Definition GFR <60 for 3 months or more AND/OR presence of kidney damage (albuminuria, sediment or anatomic abnormalities or a hx of kidney transplantation). Stages of CKD: Etiology:  Most common is DM. Others are HTN/RAS, glomerular, interstitial , dr...

Acute Indications: Volume overload refractory to diuresis Severe hyperkalemia (K >6.5 mEq/L) or rapidly rising K+ levels Severe metabolic acidosis ( and pH <7.1) Uremia (pericarditis, uremia, unexplained mental status decline) Toxic overdose of a dialyzab...

Management: Ensure airway, adequate respiratory drive, and management of secretions/emesis Thiamine, consider folate/MVI, D5NS (for volume and glycogen/NAD+ depletion - will not enhance elimination ) Check FSBG. Hypoglycemia is caused by impaired gluconeoge...

Check Acetaminophen levels and urine toxicology for co-ingestions Call poison control NGT, lavage with 2 L NS Activated charcoal: Give a single dose of activated charcoal at 1 g/kg p.o. via NG tube within 4 hours of ingestion N–Acetylcysteine: Passive give...

Check salicylate level and check urine toxicology for co-ingestions. Try to determine whether salicylate was regular or enteric-coated (Affects pharmacokinetics). Call poison control NGT, lavage with 2L NS Intubate for respiratory depression if indicated A...

Call poison control.  Check urine toxicology for co-ingestions esp. salicylates , acetaminophen. Get an EKG. Pay special attention to QRS, QTc, PR Beware QRS on EKG> 0.10 sec; VT, VF, myocardial depression can ensure (Q on T phenomenon) Evaluate if ICU admi...

Call Poison control ABCs, vital signs, Tele monitor Diagnosis EKG, CXR, head CT if suspect cerebral hemorrhage.  Labs: Urine toxicology, CBC, electrolytes, glucose, CPK, UA for myoglobin, lactic acid, Troponin, Pregnancy test. Management For tachyarrhy...

Effects CNS - sedation and respiratory depression, seizures w/ meperidine, propoxyphene and dextromethorphan (Esp. in renal insult) Pulmonary - acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema Diagnosis H&P (pinpoint pupils, CNS and resp. depression) Response to nalo...

Symptoms depend on CO level (carboxyhemoglobin) CO: 20-40%: Dizziness, headache, weakness, disturbed judgement, decreased visual acuity CO: 40-60%: Tachycardia, tachypnea, ataxia, syncope, seizures CO: >60%: Coma, death Diagnosis To get CO level, get ABG ...

The first visit of prenatal care typically occurs in the first trimester. The frequency of follow up is based on the individual needs and assessment of risks.  In General, this is what we follow: Risk assessment and patient education is initiated at the firs...

Initial Visit or First trimester visit: Prenatal Panel: CBC, GC/Chlamydia, HIV, Rubella, RPR, HBsAg, UA, Urine culture, Blood type, Rh (D), Antibody First trimester screening between 10 weeks to 13 6/7 weeks of pregnancy Pap smear at 21 y.o and older, if in...

Step 1: Document First day of the last normal menstrual period then use Nigel's rule or use uptodate EDD calculator to estimate EDD If pregnancy resulted from assisted reproductive technology (ART), the ART-derived gestational age should be used to assign t...

These are ways used to establish fetal well being: Fetal movement count Non-stress test Contraction stress test Amniotic fluid index BPP Fetal survey for anatomy and growth Umbilical artery doppler velocimetry These test are used to follow: GDM IUGR ...

Definition Sonographic EFW <10th percentile Etiology Maternal factor: Behavioral (smoking, substance use, decrease nutritional intake), Medical (Diabetes, HTN, renal insufficiency, autoimmune), extreme of maternal age Fetal factor: Chromosomal or genetic c...

Contraindications: Gestational age <24 weeks Interpretation: >32 weeksReactive NST: two fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute interval, peaking at least 15 beats per minute above the base line and lasting 15 seconds  <32 weeks Reassuring for g...